Are Criminals Born or Made? Essay -- Psychology, Micro-Criminological

As the demonstration of culpability is a worldwide wonder, there must in this manner be some clarification with respect to why this is; a few ways of thinking endeavor to explain this by methods for hereditary qualities, while others adopt an all the more socially affected strategy. In spite of the fact that at that point, the small scale criminological speculations of Lombroso and Sheldon may have seemed believable, present day research has endeavored to discredit such ideas. In an epidemiological setting, the demonstration of wrongdoing is seen by some as a positive commitment to society, as supported by Durkheim (Kirby et al, 2000), albeit a lot of will prompt social flimsiness, or anomie. In contrariety to Durkheim's convictions, a Marxist point of view would think about the minor idea of free enterprise as criminal; in this way considering most by far of worldwide society to be in a consistent condition of anomie. Be that as it may, there is still a lot of debate with respect to whether individuals are conceived, or made into lawbreakers. This article will talk about the contentions inside this discussion. To be ‘born’ criminal shows a hereditary heredity while on the off chance that one is ‘made’; the natural impacts are the noteworthy factor in production of criminal conduct. In spite of much discussion encompassing the idea of acquired criminal inclinations, there is a lot of proof to help such speculations. Despite the fact that Lombroso may have utilized his hypothetical atavisms trying to give a naturally deterministic technique for lessening or forestalling wrongdoing, they have at last lead to a relinquishment of gravitas concerning such an idea. Be that as it may, as nearsighted as Lombroso's hypotheses of guiltiness being an inherited quality shows up (Mannheim, 1965) research has demonstrated mutual physical attributes to be typical in explaining the contention of hereditary criminal conduct. Despite the fact that Lombroso introduced... ...e reality it doesn't guarantee individuals will be brought into the world bound to carry out criminal offenses, yet rather proposes an innate inclination towards such practices, which can be affected by cultural components. In assisting a hereditarily inclined and socially-impacted clarification, there is a wealth of contemplations while explaining criminal conduct; for instance, a non forceful, mentally stable individual might be affected by peer pressure into recreational medication utilization, as â€Å"Psychoactive medication misuse normally results from a blend of low confidence, peer pressure, insufficient adapting aptitudes, and curiosity.† (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005) thusly recommending that light recreational medication misuse can collect to a reliance because of a huge number of social impacts, which perpetually prompts further wrongdoing so as to monetarily bolster a habit.

Argument Analysis: America’s Real Dream Team Essay

In â€Å"America’s Real Dream team†, distributed in the New York Times on March 21, 2010, Thomas went to a major Washington gathering to go to the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search finals. Shockingly, Most of the finalists who originated from American secondary school hailed from settler families, to a great extent from Asia. Thomas announces himself a â€Å"pro-immigration† enthusiast. He calls attention to keeping a steady progression of legitimate foreigners is the way to make our nation more grounded. He additionally clarified that the most significant financial rivalry is among individuals and their own creative mind. Furthermore, this new thought can be utilized to deliver ware at an extremely low cost by a wide range of ways, and can makes incredible benefits for economy. Thomas Friedman utilized similitude, exceptional rundown, explicit models, and an earnest tone to represent that it is conceivable to make increasingly innovative and prudent enhancements through an open migration arrangement. Thomas utilizes representations in the title to make endless affiliation. While utilizing similitudes, it pulls in reader’s consideration as well as make a hinting for perusers to consider: what is America’s genuine dream group? After peruser pondering the correlation, it’s progressively advantageous for him to explain his own view in the contention. â€Å"Dream team† is a reference to the U.S. b-ball group collected for the 1992 Olympic that contained the best players around then. Thomas looked at the youngsters who produce new plans to â€Å"dream team† to infer that these youngsters will utilize the new thoughts they started to make supernatural occurrences and will become the† genuine dream team† later on. Analogies here can make the theoretical simpler for perusers to see, moreover, it makes the language increasingly clear. Notwithstanding similitudes, Thomas utilized an extraordinary measurements to make a conspicuous point: the vast majority of the finalists are moves. For the most part, the author will utilize insights along these lines: there are 40 finalists altogether and what number of percent of them are moves, yet Thomas recorded all the names of the Intel science ability finalist. In that manner, while the perusers perusing the names of the finalists, they can without much of a stretch found that these are foreigners’ names so they can undoubtedly infer that the greater part of the finalists are moves, It gives the perus ers sufficient opportunity to get it before he makes the end. All the more precisely, he makes the end with the peruser together. It appears that he is speaking with the perusers, and this can be progressively useful for the perusers to acknowledge his contention. He at that point gave a particular model toâ convince his proposal: â€Å"do not shut the entryway to immigrate† .From the measurements, the perusers just realize that the greater part of the finalists are moves, yet they don't have the foggiest idea how exceptional precisely these move are. Thomas gave us such a model: Namrata Anand, a 17year-old young lady. She is a so keen understudy who can utilize otherworldly investigation capably to uncover data about substance history of â€Å"Andromeda Galaxy†. Clearly, Namrata is more exceptional than the friend understudies. Thomas utilized this guide to suggest that in the event that we shut our entryway to moves, we may misfortune bunches of youngsters like her, which demonstrate the need of migration. Also, it centers around the topic once more. Explicit model here can make it more obvious simultaneously make it progressively powerful. Thomas utilized statements in different manners to communicate his view once more. As a matter of first importance, Thomas met a science educator, Amanda Alonzo, a star instructor who had shown two of the finalists. Amanda let him know â€Å"it was assets given by her school, amazingly â€Å"supportive parents† and an award from Intel that let her go through piece of every day rousing and getting ready understudies to enter his contest.† Amanda is an effective instructor, what she said is enticing to the perusers, and Thomas cites her words to exhibit move is a sort of good source. In the subsequent spot, Thomas cites what representative stated: â€Å"don’t sweat about the issues our age should manage. Trust me, our future is in acceptable hand.† As a delegate everything being equal, what she said can speak to what all finalists said satisfactorily. What's more, a large portion of the finalists are moves, it demonstrates that on the off chance that we make the way for moves, we can get progressively fantastic gifts to take care of the issues together. Additionally, Thomas makes options â€Å"as long as we don’t shut our door.† to make it increasingly ent icing: as long as we keep a steady pace of moves, we’ll be progressively serious and we will doubtlessly don’t need to stress over what we will confront tomorrow. In a word, cites here can give the proof to the contention. The creator utilize a genuine tone to contend that we should keep our entryway open to the moves. True tones can make the peruser progressively agreeable. On the off chance that Thomas compose like† we should keep the entryway open to the immigrates† rather, it will just let the perusers feel nauseated. Furthermore, genuine tone shows that he offer a guidance earnestly, which can be all the more effectively acknowledged by others. Thomas utilized allegories, exceptional measurements, explicit models, cites and an earnest tone to declare that we can continue improving innovation and theâ economy, as long as we don’t shut our entryway to migration. Illustration make the language increasingly distinctive and analogy in title can dazzle the perusers more. Unique insights here can near the perusers and let the peruser discover the issues themselves. Explicit models here can make it simpler for the perusers to comprehend the postulation profoundly, statements can makes the language increasingly brief and a genuine tone can make it simpler to acknowledge the view. Th omas use them in mix to get his theory bit by bit.

IKEA in the USA Example

IKEA in the USA Example IKEA in the USA â€" Case Study Example > IKEA in the USA: Case Study in Global Marketing What has allowed IKEA to be successful with a relatively standardized product andproduct line in a business with strong cultural influence? Did adaptations to this strategy in the North American market constitute a defeat to its approach? The motive ‘… to bring the IKEA concept to as many people as possible’ and the fact that over 260 million people visit their showrooms annually, underlines the global vision of the company and the strategy adopted to implement that vision. It meant offering quality products of mass usage across cultural barriers, effectively reaching out to the target market and creating awareness, and most importantly the use of pricing as a strategy for competitive advantage. IKEA planned its operations in the three main regional markets of the Scandinavian countries, North America and Asia-Pacific region. Within each of these three markets, there is a large commonality of tastes and preferences. Its large product range consists of a core set of standardized global products and the balance region-specific items to supplement the overall business revenues. Thus in each market, it blended the reputed Scandinavian brand of products without ignoring the local needs. IKEA carried forward its tradition of direct marketing through product catalogs to the current period, to communicate about its offerings to the target market. The success of this can be gauged by the fact that the multi-edition, multi-language catalog circulation exceeds 110 millions. In other words, it has effectively displayed its vast stores of materials to effectively create consumer interest. (last name) 2 Finally, IKEA actively pursued all avenues to offer quality products at lowest possible prices. Global outsourcing, supply in knocked-down condition to save on labor costs, self-service at the stores that act as mini-warehouses etc. are some of the important facets of this low pricing strategy. In the process it made suppliers and customers as strategic partners to its business concept. Thus IKEA’s success is a story of high quality but low priced products that are effectively reached to the target markets, across cultural barriers. Its adaptations to the specific needs of the US and Canadian markets is fine tuning the product offerings to suit local tastes and is not a change of its core concept. 2. Which features of the “young people of all ages’ are universal and can be exploited by a global/regional strategy? In these days of the Internet and globalized economies, market boundaries have disappeared and there is greatly increased awareness of the life styles and product preferences of people living in different parts of the world. The Internet is forty years old now and hence is already a tool in the hands of a vast population in the age range of teenagers to senior citizens, young at heart. This group of ‘young people of all ages’ has the characteristics of being ‘well-educated, white collar workers, liberal in cultural outlook’ and do not necessarily carry the burden of vanity. In other words, they are cost conscious and look for value for money in their spending habits. They have disposable incomes which they are prone to spend rather than save at the cost of foregoing a life style that is seen as befitting their generation. Age is a crucial factor although even the not-so-young are also included in this group. Younger people are more adventurous while making buying decisions and are (last name) 3 more attuned to the global trends. They search for product information and make price comparisons with ease. USA continues to be a major influence in global cultural trends and the young people around the world are attracted to these trends easily. Global and regional marketing strategies should exploit the emerging market trends that are dictated by this group of ‘young people of ages’, keeping in mind their buying power, access to information, life style trends and decision making abilities. 3. Is IKEA destined to succeed everywhere it cares to establish itself? On its way to being the world’s largest supplier of home furnishings during the past six decades, IKEA has seen success to its core concept as well as the need to make adaptations to insure its dominance. This means that there is no guarantee of success in all places unless there is flexibility in approach and adaptation to subtle local differences in tastes and preferences. The strategy of sourcing its materials from suppliers who can offer the advantages of low costs and logistics, organizing retails stores on the lines of mini-warehouses of semi-assembled/knocked-down parts and involving customers in transport and do-it-yourself style assembly work etc. are likely to succeed in all the developed markets. In such markets, the labor costs are high and customers have the need to do-it-yourself approach. However, some emerging markets like India or the Gulf countries do not prefer ex-stores supplies or home assembly work. Labor costs here are comparatively low and the societies are accustomed to getting paid services at cheap rates and hence IKEA strategy needs to be partly revised for success. (last name) 4 Another major strategy of IKEA has been to be the biggest and best player in the market, although with lowest prices. It is seen that it has so far concentrated in the relatively more affluent countries of North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific region successfully. When these markets are saturated, it needs to shift focus to the other regions to maintain its growth targets. Some of these geographic regions will pose significantly different marketing challenges due to cultural differences and taste preferences, notwithstanding their younger generations. In such situations, IKEA may find that being the ‘biggest and the best’ strategy needs to be tempered with realizable goals. (last name) 5 Reference Ronkainen, I. A., Case study: IKEA in the USA.

The Ethics Of Eating Animals - 1093 Words

Eating animals is normal for any carnivore, but abuse to these animals is unacceptable. There are religions and traditions when it comes to eating and killing animals, usually to be viewed sacred and not like they are nothing. Humans have morals and traditions that separate barriers with farm animals and pets. According to Scruton, â€Å"Eating animals has become a test case for moral theory in Western societies,† and he believes that a moral life is set on three pillars: virtue, duty, value piety. Foer uses fishes and dogs, for example, in Eating Animals: people slam gaffs into fish, but no one in their right mind would do such a thing to a dog. Foer also mentions that fish are out there in the water doing what fish do, and dogs are with us. Dogs are our companions, and with that, we care about the things that are near and dear to us. In, â€Å"Consider the Lobster,† Wallace asks, â€Å"Is it all right to boil a sentient creature alive just for our gustatory pleasure?† Is it a personal choice to do so? PETA, of course, says no. Dick from the Maine Lobster Festival (MLF) argues that lobsters do not have the part of the brain that receives pain, which is a false statement anyhow. Goodrich (1969) says that a human’s life is worth so much more than an animalâ€℠¢s life. No matter how many animals there are, one human life is worth more. Self-consciousness and morality set us in judgement and make us feel guilty, like Scruton says. Animals do not tell humans about their self-consciousness doShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Eating Meat : Eating Animals By Jonathan Safran Foer1056 Words   |  5 PagesWhile researching books for the major project, I stumbled upon a book over the ethics of eating meat: Eating Animals by Jonathan Safran Foer, published on November 2, 2009. Coming from a rural, agrarian background, my curiosity about why anyone in his right mind would want to become a vegetarian grew immensely when I discovered the book. Foer’s main audience appears to be those on the fence about whether to eat meat or those uninformed about factory farming. This book was not meant for individualsRead MoreThe Ethics of Eating Meat Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagesopinion on eating meat and factory farming. He believes that â€Å"...if [peopl e] just ate according to the values they already have, then factory farming would disappear.† Whether or not people realize the sources from which meat in modern day society comes from, they cannot deny the fact that meat is delectable. Sadly, many people who are aware of where their meat comes from will argue that it is unethical to eat meat that is grown purely to satisfy the hunger of people. The ethics of eating meat shouldRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1485 Words   |  6 Pages Ethics is a concept derived from an individual’s religion, philosophies or culture, forming a collection of moral principles carrying out the manner in which a person leads their life. In modern society philosophers divide ethical theories into three separate areas, meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Meta-ethics refer to the origins and meanings of ethical principles, dealing with the nature of moral judgement. Normative ethics refers to what is right and wrong and concerned withRead MoreThe Ethics Of Eating Meat Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethics of Eating Meat We are a nation of meat eaters. We are socialized from a young age to consume high levels of animal products. This deeply ingrained meat-eating tradition is a big part of the American standard diet. A visit to the local grocery store shows that there is no shortage of animal products. Isle by isle you see a plethora of meats, neatly packed and ready to be cooked, dairy products neatly shelved, and even candies that contain animal by-products. This is an omnivore’s utopiaRead MoreThe Two Principles Of A Basis Of Our Brain Capacity, Ability, And Preferences Of Life1698 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority humans believe we are superior to non-human animals on the basis of our brain capacity, ability, and preferences of life. The two principles of consequentialism I plan to work with is the two that consequentialism are based on: 1. Whether an act is right or wrong depends only on the results of that act. 2. The better consequences an act produces, the better or more right that act. à ‚  These two principles play a part in non-human animal inequality because it emphasizes that a person shouldRead MoreIs It Unethical And Eat Meat?1048 Words   |  5 Pageswhat to eat, what not to eat and how much to eat. All these guidelines raises the question of whose ethics should hold president overall, and what factors do you use to determine this decision. Humankind has been eating meat for thousands of years, and is seen as part of human nature, to be hunter-gatherers. This can seen in some cave paintings that depict man hunting wild animals. Not only were animals hunted for meat but the rest of them were recycled for various for uses such as items of clothingRead MoreWhy Adopt A Vegetarian Diet1116 Words   |  5 Pagesand they reject eating meat or any products of slaughter. Human used to be the meat-eater, people believed meat gives us protein, also strength; however, vegetarianism overturns the theory of meat-eating and correct people’s beliefs about meat. Therefore, more and more people choose to become a vegetarian for ethical, environmental and healthy reasons.   First of all, people are increasingly becoming vegetarian because they are motivated by ethic.  Vegetarian prefers to believe eating meat is an unmoralRead More Should we all become vegetarians? Essay782 Words   |  4 Pagesthe number of people who reject eating meat is constantly increasing. In Britain, for instance, over 5 million people have done it so far. It is obviously connected with the recent animal diseases, but this tendency is likely to spread on the other regions of the world. However, it is not only a fashion or fear of illnesses. I myself became a vegetarian about 2 years ago, and I can see a number of reasons why people should stop eating meat. They are mainly of ethic, economic and health type. ThoseRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Vegetarianism1524 Words   |  7 Pagesobesity. Vegetarianism encompasses a spectrum of eating patterns: from people who wish to be known as ‘vegetarians regardless including some animal meat in their meals, but meats products sho uld be omitted such as fish and fowl from a vegetarian dish (Lea and Worsley 505). Even though some people may be in contradiction of vegetarianism, it is a lifestyle and a diet that many follow and it is advantageous because it corresponds to religions, ethics, and has health benefits, in addition, the factRead MoreEthical Issues on the Treatment of Animals Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages Animals have always played an essential role in many aspects of this world. Some people look upon these roles with favoritism, some with disgust. Animals are considered different from humans by some people because of their behavior, mannerisms or actions. Some animals are used as food by humans and other animals, while others are trapped for their furs. Many times people acquire animals for pets, only to neglect or mistreat them. For many years, the ethical treatment of animals has been

How Much Deviation from Religious Doctrine is Acceptable...

Central to any religion is a unified set of beliefs that is shared amongst all its followers. These can range from stories about the origin of the universe or the lives of prophets or other important religious figures to sets of rules governing how you live your daily life. It is these beliefs that define who is a follower of that religion, and deviation from them could result in a person being outcast, persecuted, or even put to death in various areas and time periods. However, these beliefs are by no means universal. Interpretations of religious doctrines may strongly differ even between members of the same religious sect. These issues are very relevant even to non-believers as they have a strong influence on people’s opinions of†¦show more content†¦Christianity can be divided into three main denominations: Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodox. The doctrines of each of these divisions are based on the books of the Old and New Testament. Although their c entral texts are almost exactly the same (a few books are different), their interpretations of them differ greatly. Each asserts that their own interpretation is the only correct one and that all other doctrines are false (this is slightly less true of many protestants, owing to the lack of a central protestant church). Obviously, the most central part of Christian belief is the teachings of Jesus Christ, as described in the four Gospels. In the Book of Mark, believed to be the earliest of the four, it states â€Å"He who believes [the gospel] and is baptized will be saved, but he who disbelieves it will be condemned† (p106). This immediately creates an ideology based entirely on one’s faith rather than reason or even one’s actions. Jesus himself says â€Å"All their sins shall be forgiven unto the sons of men†¦ but whosoever shall blaspheme against the Holy Spirit hath never forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin† (Mark p71). This allows a sys tem to be set up which requires above all a rigid belief in a central doctrine, deviation from which is punished by eternal damnation. It is then very easy for the church to present one interpretation which it deems correct and feel justified in enforcing strict adherenceShow MoreRelatedChildren s Rights And Rights1951 Words   |  8 Pagesright to a decent standard of living, the right to health, Children’s rights include individual rights, the right to live with his parents, the right to education, the right to benefit from a protection, Children’s rights include collective rights : rights of refugee and disabled children’s, of minority children or from marginalized groups.For the world to continue we need this population to survive and attain their rights which are also human rights. 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In these situations, people tend to use auditory hallucinations and delusions as literal voices of reason in situations where normality is subjective and what is normal is dependent on the community’s pre-establishedRead MoreState Mass Killings in Indonesia 1965 to 1966 Essay3128 Words   |  13 Pagesnational, local, and event- specific levels. Elements discussed are elite interests, justification for violence, formal organizations, and mobilization factors. Finally, I suggest future preventative policy measures. Introduction Violence marks much of human history. Within the sociopolitical sphere, violence has continually served as a tool used by various actors to influence and/or to control territory, people, institutions and other resources of society. The twentieth century witnessed an evolutionRead MoreEssay on Creation of the World3047 Words   |  13 PagesPowerful mythologies are normative, as Mircea Eliade described, defining for their societies how the world may be ordered. Myths provide the living backdrop on which people may act. In the Christian societies of Europe and America the â€Å"origin myth† that defines the divine order that Christians should follow is laid out largely in Genesis, and the worldview expounded within it in some sense provides the baseline from which â€Å"scientific† alternatives must deviate, at least within the Europe and America. Read MoreIslamic Way of warfare23558 Words   |  95 PagesDEFINING ISLAMIC WAY OF WARFARE AND ITS COMPARISON WITH AL QAEDA DOCTRINE A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Military History by MAJOR INTEKHAB HAIDER KHAN, BANGLADESH ARMY M.S., Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2011 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2012-01 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORTRead MoreA Christian Approach to Homosexuality7265 Words   |  30 Pagessaid â€Å"We declare that Section 377 IPC, insofar it criminalizes consensual sexual acts of adults in private, is violative of Articles 21, 14 and 15 of the Constitution.† While gay-rights movements have welcomed and celebrated the judgement, various religious and cultural groups have expressed their concern. A petition has been filed in the Supreme Court against the Delhi High Court judgement by Mr. Suresh Kumar Koushal. In the West, Barak Obama, the President of the United States, on 9th May 2012Read MoreNormal Distribution16112 Words   |  65 Pagesinterval for a person’s triglycerides is from 30 to 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). By measuring these variables, a physician can determine if a patient’s vital statistics are within the normal interval or if some type of treatment is needed to correct a condition and avoid future illnesses. The question then is, How does one determine the so-called normal intervals? See Statistics Today—Revisited at the end of the chapter. In this chapter, you will learn how researchers determine normal intervalsRead MoreMarxism Within Blt5219 Words   |  21 PagesLiberation. This study seeks to expose the ways in which Black Theology of Liberation was shaped by Marxism through the writings of its founders, concentrating predominantly on the need to bring about the liberation of the poor African-Americans from their repressive white racist oppressors by any means necessary, and the redistribution of wealth to those deprived of it by their white capitalist oppressors. The theme of this researched remained embed in my mind during, and after the 2008-09 presidentialRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in Employment22039 Words   |  89 Pageslimitations/implications  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This research is limited to Federal and State laws in the USA and may not be relevant in other countries as the local laws might vary. Practical implications  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Managers and employees can protect themselves in the workplace from illegal discriminatory practices. Social implications  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Employees know their rights and enhance their understanding of laws related to appearance, attractiveness, and why companies look to hire those who are considered â€Å"handsome†, â€Å"pretty† and â€Å"beautiful†

Life in Russia Free Essays

It is quite possible that Russia may be best known for it†s long, and bitter winters. This extreme coldness also aided the country as a whole by keeping invaders at bay; For example, Adolf Hitler, and his Nazi army, were hesitant in entering the country during World War II. In Moscow, snow covers the ground for at least five months of the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Life in Russia or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Northernmost region of Russia, there is snow present for between eight and ten months. Most of the coastal waters, such as: ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams, remain frozen during the majority of the year. But after the harsh winter months have past, the weather swings harshly in the opposite direction. During the warmest days of the summer, it is not uncommon for the mercury to hit 100? F, although they average around 60? F. Precipitation throughout the year, rain, sleet, and snow, is usually light to moderate. The wettest part of the country is the European Plain, or the East Siberian Uplands, where rain falls on a daily basis during the spring. The majority of the vast inland receives little or no rain, but approximately four feet of snow during the winter. Russians, like Americans, enjoy watching television, and reading. They also love to play chess; visit the movie theaters; soak up the culture of an opera, or play; travel to a local museum; go for a walk, or participate in sports. The government of Russia strongly supports athletic events, especially team sports. Soccer is unopposed as the most popular participant, and spectator sport in the country. Russians also enjoy gymnastics, basketball, and during the winter, ice hockey is a hit among the children of the countrymen. Russians also enjoy nature. They really enjoy going on hikes, and spending time in the forests. Many have country cottages called dachas. There, they garden, hike, bicycle, swim, fish, gather mushrooms, and take part in the other outdoor activities. Russian people also love going on vacation to places other than their dachas during the summer. Popular vacationing sites include: the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Volga River. In Russia, fighting has been a way of life, as seen during all parts of its history. Russia has been a fighting country since the 800†³s. They were involved in constant war with the Mongols. Also, civil war has been a enormous problem for the Russians. In the early 1600†³s, a civil war broke out, inspired by an invasion by the Mongols, and the political confusing that followed about killed the country as a whole. Most recently, Russia was involved in World War I, fighting countries such as Germany, and Austria-Hungary. Shortly after, there was another civil war between the Communists and the anti-Communists. This war lasted two years, and ended up with a communist victory that led to the establishment of the USSR, or the Union of Soviet Social Republics, or in Russian, Rus Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, A union of the several countries that lay around Russia. Politically the USSR was divided (from 1940 to 1991) into 15 constituent or union republics-, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia Gerogia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia Russia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan, until its breakup in 1991. Since then, Russia, and other Soviet republics have become independent nations. The most well known being the Ukraine. Ukraine broke off, and quickly established its own currency, the Ukraine Ruble. The Ukraine is constantly bragging to Russia of all its wealth, but the Ukraine also boasts much higher inflation, and higher unemployment, for they are not as successful as they brag to Russia to be. Russia†s health care is free to its citizens. The government cares a lot about the health of its citizens, and it most certainly shows. They†re committed to meeting the basic needs of its people. Because of their poor economic state, the government does not have sufficient funds to support its health-care systems. This has led to medicine and equipment shortages, and low wages for health-care providers. Russia has an abundance of farmland. Due to the short growing season, insufficient rainfall, and lack of fertile soil, farming in Russia is extremely difficult. Many of the farms are operated like government factories. These farms are called sovkhozys. People do work, but don†t have much say in what†s grown. The other farms, called Kolkhozys, are government controlled, but partly managed by the farmers. What goes on here is that the farmers decide what to grow and the government tells them if it is acceptable to them or not. The major crops grown in Russia are barely, fruits, oats, potatoes, sunflowers, rye, sugar beets, and wheat. The diet of the Russians is very healthy and hearty. They eat bread virtually every meal. They also consume large quantities of sugar. Their main method of preparing food is by frying. They also drink large amounts of tea because coffee is too expensive. Their trademark drink is Vodka. They also drink wine, champagne, beer, and other alcoholic beverages. Alcohol abuse has been and remains to be a major social problem in Russia. The education in Russia is much different then the USA†s method of education its people. It consists of first through 10th grade, plus higher education. Using this method, which may seem abridged to Americans, eliminates two years of useless classes, and allows for Russians to leave school, and either begin to work, or go on to higher education. Elementary school consists of first through fourth grade. Classes meet six days a week for 4 ? hours a day with shorter periods on Saturday. Courses include math, art, music, language, P. E. , simple skills, and history. Intermediate grades consist of fifth through eighth grade. They meet thirty hours a week and are taught, zoology, physics, geography, shop work, and chemistry. Secondary grades consist of ninth through tenth grades and consist of math, science and work skills in different trades. This is to meet the governments need for specialists in science and Industry. Graduates with high marks receive medals and are relieved from required mandatory services so the can continue their education; these mandatory services include 2 years of military service for all graduates, except when they are relieved to pursue higher education. The higher schools that are present in Russia consist of 650 specialized schools and 70 universities which are currently educating some 6 ? illion students. Most programs take five years to complete, and then they must work for the government for 3 years, in order to repay their country for relieving them of their mandatory military service. They receive their diploma after one year of work. Russia thinks education is their road to success, and instead of offering countless useless classes, Russia provides healthy education, with strong emphasis on chemistry. They have over 52 million students and a strong majority of Russia†s country men are able to read and write in their native language. The U. S. S. R has a long constitution that gives all political power to the people and their elected representatives. However the country†s completely controlled by the communists. The Soviet Union lets no other political party to oppose the communist party. The ironic thing is only 17 million of the people in Russia are actually communists. Russia†s government resembles a triangle because each government body has to report to a higher authority. At the top of this triangle is the Supreme Soviet of the USSR The members are elected to 5 year terms and they only meet twice a year for about two weeks. They pass without question all the laws proposed by the communists party. The freedom of the Supreme Soviet is the head of state or president. He is elected by the communist leaders and he handles legislative matters between sessions of the Supreme Soviet. The council of Ministers are another government group in Russia and are the highest executive body. It controls economic and cultural life through various ministries and committees. The council of ministries also handles relations with other nations. It consists of 120 members, many of them are the highest ranking officials in the communist party. The Russian Orthodox Church was the central religion of Russia until the communists came to power. Communists are atheistic (people who are against the belief in God or Gods) and they view religion as â€Å"Opium for the people† a drug, or disease. When the communists came to power they destroyed churches and killed church leaders. However religion in Russia survived. In the 1940†³s, persecutions and restrictions eased up mainly because the church supported the governments choice of being involved in world war two. Then in the late 1850†³s the communists began closing non official places of worship. They also tried hard to discourage religion through education and propaganda. Still religion survived, there are 20 to 45 million followers of the Russian Orthodox Church; The people in the former Soviet Union are still among the most spiritually open people in the world – especially the youth – and for this, the number is rising. Muslims are the second largest religious group. Some religions like Jehovah†s witness are strictly prohibited by the communists. Russian language is remarkably similar even though there is such a diverse population. Russian language is understood from the west to the east part of the country. The Russian language is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. Certain minorities in Russia have their own language but they speak Russian as a second language. Russia like most countries has both urban and rural life styles. ? of Russia†s people live in cities. Russia has 35 cities that have 800,000 people or more, and Moscow along with St. Petersberg has 4 million. Many modern conveyances such as plumbing and air conditioning are not found. There is also a shortage of food and too much crime in Russian cities. Farmers populate much of Russia rural areas. There is also a lot less education and health care in the rural areas of Russia, for schools are not easily paid for in areas such as these. Russia is one of the richest countries on natural resource. Russia†s vast area provides for a lot of forest space, and water for hydraulic energy. There are also extensive mineral deposits. Russia also has a wide variety of plant and animal life. Industry is vital to Russia†s economy. Moscow and St. Petersberg are the biggest areas for manufacturing in Russia. Russia produces a lot heavy machinery and has many chemical, oil, and plant refineries as well. St. Petersberg also has a large ship building industry, and an even larger airplane parts industry. There is heavy trading with the US in airplane parts. Russia†s chemical plants produce items such as chemical fibers, mineral fertilizers, plastics, and synthetic resins. Transportation in Russia is very difficult because of its lack of roads and it†s vastness. Trains are the most common form of transportation and shipping. Aero Flat is Russia†s national airline and makes up most airline travel, although most people are unable to afford the enormous bill created by purchasing an airline ticket through Aero Flat. Roads are not commonly found because only 60 out of every 1,000 Russians own a car. City travel in Russia is taken care of by buses, trains, and subways. Communication equipment is unevenly distributed and not modernized, because of this only 15 out of every 100 Russians own a telephone. Russia is in a state of economic turmoil at the moment. It has had a lot of trouble moving from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy. However Russia is making advancements under president Yeltsin; Inflation fell from 131% to 22% in 1996. These advancements are partially due to the fact that now, 80% of industry is now privatized; meaning, that 80% of all goods produced in Russia, are produced in a private sector of the country, by companies who control themselves. As of May 16, 1999, one United States Dollar would be converted into 24. 7367 Russian Rubles. Currently over 30 billion United States Dollars circulate throughout Russia, for just as in all foreign countries, the Russians hold on to the Dollars, and when the exchange rate is just right, they can make a pretty profit from their Dollar. Unemployment is not a very big problem in Russia. Only 9. 3% of its population remain unemployed, leaving a 73 million manned labor force ready to work. Many of these men work closely with the government, packaging and shipping exports, or receiving and checking over its imports. Major exports of the country include petroleum, natural gas, metals, and chemicals. Hard to find in Russia, and therefore heavily imported are: machinery, medicines, meat, grains, and especially sugar. The majority of this trading is done with North America, although Russia is also close trade partners with most of Europe, Japan, and some third world countries. How to cite Life in Russia, Papers

Modest Fashion and Islamic Marketing

Question: Discuss about theModest Fashion and Islamic Marketing. Answer: Definition of Islamic Marketing and Modest Fashion Islamic marketing are the strategies undertaken by companies, either Muslim or otherwise to win Muslim customers (Wilson, 2012, p. 5). Islamic marketing goes hand in hand with modest fashions which entail the gentle art of enhancing a person's charm through the pretence of not being aware of it. Modest fashion is adopted by Islamic women to avoid creating sexual attention on men. Cultural Aspect The Muslim people view wearing modesty regarding hijab is based on their religion and belief that it is a command from Allah (Lewis, 2013, p 100). The Muslim women belief that Allah protects them and makes their character distinct by protecting them from immoral acts and errors. Why it matters Within the context of Islamic marketing, modest fashion creates various opportunities for companies that sell hijab. There is a large market base for the womenswear and this boosts the marketing industry (Wilson, 2012, p. 1). However, Islamic marketing faces challenges while entering new markets as well as competition from other same firms. Situation in Singapore The articles, influences, and news from Singapore market show that the interest in marketing and Islam emerged recently. Since its emergence, there is an incredible growth in consumer markets and the consumer behavior and attitude towards Muslim marketing is interesting. Brands Involved Globally The modest fashion has diversified the sale of its brands globally. These brands include Uniqlo, House of Fraser, Hijab, Hajj, and Easy Hajj Package. The global markets for Muslim customers are mainly all Muslim states and where modest clothing is valued. Market Gaps and Critique While the Islam religion represents a strong consumer base, there are underserved demands and rising spending power. Despite the fact that Muslims demand on their fashion apparel keeps growing, companies do not explore this opportunity (Lewis, 2013, p 106). These are gaps which need to be solved. Current Debate Research shows that modest fashion, Islam marketing, Beauty, and Fashion in Islam portray their personal expression. Further, modest style existed in-laws before Islam came but later the Muslims adopted it as their official dressing to show respect to Allah so that he may protect them from immoralities. Success of Modest Fashion The new fashion brands that attempt Islamic marketing have been successful. Their success gets proved by the fact that nearly all Muslim women wear Hijab and that the marketers have been able to expand their sales globally outside Singapore. What could be better? Companies should understand Islam beliefs and identify those zones where Muslims are high in population. The opportunity for modern Islamic fashion brands should be showcased through Islamic marketing (Gkar?ksel and Secor, 2010, p. 119). Further, the Islamic marketers should diversify their practices. Consumer Vehaviour Recent research shows that in the current business environment, there is no single Muslim brand that dominates Islamic fashion. Different customers prefer different trends. For example, the UAE people prefer Citra, people of Jordan prefer Shukr, and those in Indonesia love Hijub (Gkar?ksel and Secor, 2010, p. 140). The company should, therefore, understand customers preferences in different countries. Communication When doing Islam marketing, marketers should mind the kind of connection to use. One should use a friendly tone and always ensure that he does not go against the Muslim beliefs. Brand Community When doing Islam marketing, the use of social media such as the television, radios, and the internet can be utilized (Lewis and Tarlo, 2011, p 66). Also, use of billboards that contain Islam clothes can be used. Further, companies should design logos that figure the Islam modesty. Implications Globally, modest fashion and Islam marketing thrive well. The Islam based companies should diversify their operations globally given that the Islams comprise of nearly a third of the world's population something which offers a significant market opportunity (Lewis and Tarlo, 2011, p 60). About APAC and SEA (Asian-Pacific region), modesty fashion is valued a lot by the Muslims and thus is a perfect market opportunity to exploit. Conclusion In conclusion, most of the Muslim women understand the guidelines and laws of Allah that direct them on how to wear and appear before men. The Islam culture remains to be very conservative as their population keeps on growing. Their conservative nature of modesty beliefs and the aspect of increased population favors Islam marketing. Therefore, companies should maximize the investment of their resources in meeting Islam modest fashion. References Gkar?ksel, B. and Secor, A., 2010. Between Fashion and Tesettr Marketing and Consuming Womens Islamic Dress.Journal of Middle East Women's Studies,6(3), pp.118-148. Lewis, R. and Tarlo, E., 2011. Modest dressing: faith-based fashion and the internet retail. Lewis, R., 2013. Fashion Forward and Faithtastic! Online Modest Fashion and the Development of Women as Religious Interpreters and Intermediaries. Wilson, J.A., 2012. The new wave of transformational Islamic marketing: reflections and definitions.Journal of Islamic Marketing,3(1), pp.5-11.

Wuthering Heights And Power Of Love Essays - British Films

Wuthering Heights And Power Of Love Many readers argue that Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is anything but a romance. Although it does not follow the conventional form of the Victorian Romance novels, it can be argued that it is one of the greatest love stories of all time. The traditional forms of love may not be represented in this story, but one can not argue that love is the predominant theme throughout the book. What else but love could possibly drive the characters to the ends which they accomplish. The most controversial and the predominant love represented in this novel is that of ?spiritual love.? This form of love is the one shared between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw Linton. This bond is expressed by Catherine when she tells Nelly, ?I can not express it; but surely you and every body have a notion that there is, or should be, an existence of yours beyond you. What were the use of my creation if I were entirely contained here? My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff's miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning; my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and, if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the Universe would turn to a mighty stranger....Nelly, I am Heathcliff .? (page 81) It may be hard for most people to understand their bond, as very few people ever experience a love of this type during their lifetime. The only comparisons that may be offered for an attempt at understanding may perhaps be the bond felt by someone regarding their first love. Although this relationship may end, a special connection will always be felt for this person, and the love that was felt will never be forgotten. As many state, there will always be a special place in their heart for this person. Another example may be the love a parent feels for a child. Although this is not a romantic love, it is a love that is unconditional and timeless. Catherine and Heathcliff, through their own actions, are never able to truly act on their love for one another, and this tragedy is what allows us to experience the timeless classic of Wuthering Heights. With her marriage to Edgar Linton, Catherine makes it impossible for her and Heathcliff to ever be joined together. Although her actions seem selfish, she sees this as the only way that she can help raise Heathcliff from the clutches of her brother Hindley. Heathcliff, unfortunately, never understands her actions for what they truly are, and chaos results. This impeded love serves as the catalyst throughout the novel, bringing with it tragedy and revenge. Heathcliff is driven to reek havoc on all of those who he views as wronging him in some form - except of course for Catherine. Everything in the story happens through Heathcliff, and results from the distortion of his personality because of this thwarted love. As long as he has Catherine, he can stand anything, but without her all of his emotions turn to hate. Some may questions whether or not Catherine loves Edgar Linton before she marries him. The only explanation that may be offered is that if she does love him, this love can only be defined as superficial. Catherine is unable to ever feel anything more spiritual for Edgar, as this part of herself is reserved for Heathcliff alone. Catherine expresses this emotion when she tells Nelly, ?My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods. Time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees - my love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath - a source of little visible delight but necessary.? (page 82) She realizes that her love for Heathcliff is far more important than what she feels for Edgar, but Edgar offers her a civilized, socially acceptable, and materialistic advantage. She knows that marrying Heathcliff would cause them both a lifetime of misery, as they would live as beggars. What Catherine does not realize is that by denying herself a union with Heathcliff results in a tragedy deeper than she can comprehend. After her marriage to Edgar, and the return of Heathcliff; Catherine is torn apart spiritually , mentally and emotionally when she realizes what she has done. She realizes that it is impossible for her to love Heathcliff and remain with Edgar and seeks release through death. At this point Catherine acknowledges that the only way her

Effective Personal and Organizational Communication essays

Effective Personal and Organizational Communication essays Communication via signaling and discussion is central to organizational effectiveness. Understanding the concepts of communication, however, is a two-fold process whereby understanding oneself and how personal communication is conveyed is necessary for developing strategies of communication within a group, as well as comprehending the communication and goals of others. Interpersonal and intrapersonal skills in communication are thus necessary for effective self and organizational management for successful conflict resolution and optimal performance Organizational management is facilitated by the use of behavioral styles of conflict resolution, each method distinct when considering the degree to which individual interests of the parties involved are preserved, and the extent of concern each party has of the other's interests. All modes of communication and resolution styles can be utilized when in the context of an appropriate situation, and include competition, accommodation, collaboration, compromise, and avoidance. Whether in personal situations or organizational employment, the ability to communicate effectively through both verbal and nonverbal messaging is necessary to resolve conflict, problem solve, and be productive. The ability to problem-solve and communicate, concentrating on skill development in networking, delegation, negotiation, persuasion, and identification of the goals and interests within a group, has an overall impact on performance outcomes. Often, to achieve optimal communication, whether in the personal or organizational context, change must be implemented. This requires a solid understanding of all factors related to intrapersonal and interpersonal communication, and the ability to implement Interpersonal communication within an organization, as in any real- life situation, is based on verbal and non-verbal signaling between two or mor...

Regulating Prostitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regulating Prostitution - Essay Example Stakeholders in Prostitution Prostitution in simple terms involves the sale of sex by an individual for commercial purposes (Bovard para 8). Prostitutes mainly depend on the sale of sex for their daily provisions. Their clients on the other hand provide the sex workers with cash as they pay for the services that they enjoy in the process. Yet another stakeholder in the prostitution circle is the prostitutes’ family members and the families of their clients. The government comes in the scene mainly as a regulator in the event that the activity is legal. Arguments against the Regulation of Prostitution Although prostitution has been legalized in some countries such as Netherlands, England and Scotland, there have been problems in creating new laws and keeping up with the regulations that pertain to its operations (Tigtog para 2). The laws or measures have proved to be a challenge to both the government and the individuals engaged in the activity. Following the inability of the g overnments to regulate the act properly, questions have been raised as to whether it should be regulated (Munro and Giusta 15). Many quarters have argued for the legalization and regulation of prostitution based on the premise that the trade is more like other professions and deserves a fair share of respect, respect and dignity. Its regulation therefore would ensure that prostitutes and all stakeholders in the industry somehow benefit, the government included through taxes. However, this argument goes beyond moral argument as professed by various religious beliefs. Most faiths believe that prostitution in any sense is immoral and therefore should neither be legalized or regulated. Also, in as much as prostitution is legal in some countries, there are still those who work under the table so that they do not lose money through taxation (Munro and Giusta 20). Therefore, it is certain that legalizing and regulating prostitution will not bring as much economic benefits as many may think . Yet another argument for the regulation of prostitution is with respect to health. It is argued by some quarters that when regulated, the chances of reducing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS will be reduced. However, this may never be the case since in many jurisdictions cases of sexually transmitted diseases have continued to rise in spite of regulation. Furthermore, the idea that there will be a health clinic that would ensure that the safety and optimal health of legal prostitutes is protected or maintained may not be achievable and reliable (Munro and Giusta 24). It takes about six months for STDs to show on upon screening an infected person. Beyond doubt, very few prostitutes, if any, will lie low for six months after every screening before serving another client to make quick money. The main aim of prostitution is to make more money and if the government regulates its operations then the amount of money made by each prostitute would reduce as the pr ostitutes will have to pay taxes. With reduced earnings, the prostitutes will therefore engage themselves in other illegal activities such as drug abuse and violence hence increasing the rate of crime in a given country or community. Furthermore, the idea that diseases may not be spread if prostitution is regulated is not assured. In case prostitution was to be legalized and regulated, there would be a greater demand for prostitutes

One page summary 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

One page summary 2011 - Essay Example The scatter diagram simply provides graphical evidence that there is an existing relationship and will also provide some idea regarding the strength of the relationship. A scatter diagram is constructed by plotting the values of one variable on the horizontal axis, and the corresponding value of the other variable on the vertical axis. The strength of the relationship is determined by the variability of the cluster of points relative to a mathematical expression describing the association. A run chart is a time-ordered chart, that is, individual measurements are plotted in the order in which they occur, and then connecting the points for ease in interpretation. It is best used to identify sustained shifts or trends in the process average. A control chart is a run chart with control limits. These limits represent the maximum and minimum allowable values for any individual plotted point. Any point that exceeds these limits provides statistical evidence that the process average has changed and that the chart’s centerline is no longer a reliable approximation. Thus, a control chart tests the statistical stability of the

literature Review of Hate Crimes

literature Review of Hate Crimes Abstract Hate crime is a term that was born in the 1980s from journalists and policy advocates who were trying to describe crimes of bias against African Americans, Asians, and Jews. From there, the term hate crime expanded and an act was passed that required the tracking of hate crime statistics. These statistics can often be misleading due to the underreporting of hate crimes and the strict requirements surrounding what constitutes a hate crime. Gender based hate crime is the most prevalent, with African Americans being the largest racial group targeted by hate crime. Trends develop in the amount of hate crimes as seen by the recent upswing in hate crimes against Middle Easterners following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Police have responded to hate crime by changing their policies and creating new units to specifically target hate crime. There have been new laws created regarding hate crimes and an enhancement of their punishment in an effort to combat hate crime. Possible solu tions to try to decrease hate crime focus on the early identification of young adults and juveniles who may be prone to commit these acts and the intervention and education of offenders. There must also be a focus on the tactics of law enforcement officers if hate crime is to be reduced. 3 A Study of Hate Crime To better determine how to respond to and handle hate crime, it helps to understand just what hate crime is. An example of hate crime from Shively and Mulford (2007) is, In December 2000, in Brooklyn, New York, Mohammad Awad punched Chaim Spear while yelling obscenities and anti-Semitic remarks (para. 1). This is a very basic example of what can be a very complex criminal act. Specific statistics on just how many hate crimes are committed can be a bit murky due to reporting methods, but one thing that can be gathered from the statistics is that hate crime is not going away anytime soon. Since hate crime is not going away, the appropriate response to hate crime from police and courts is more important than ever. The response of police and courts should also work towards solving the problem of hate crime. That can mean targeting hate crime in youth offenders and possibly preventing it or changing the tactics of law enforcement officers. When studying any problem, a good place to start is determining the origins of the problem. With that being said, hate crime has most likely been around as long as there have been people with differences in religion, race, or sexual orientation trying to live together. But, as pointed out by Shively and Mulford (2007), The term hate crime was coined in the 1980s by journalists and policy advocates who were attempting to describe a series of incidents directed at African Americans, Asians, and Jews (para. 26). The collection of statistics regarding hate crimes began in 1990. It was at this time that the Hate Crime Statistics Act was passed by Congress. The act as defined by Bartol and Bartol (2011), Known as the Hate Crime Statistics Act, it requires data collection of violent attacks, intimidation, arson, or property damage that are directed at a person or group of persons because of race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity (p. 17). During the 1990s, the act was expanded to i nclude disabilities, both physical and mental, as a tracked bias. The Hate Crimes Sentencing Enhancement Act was also passed during the 1990s to lengthen sentences for perpetrators convicted of hate crimes. While studying hate crime it is apparent that there can be trends in hate crime. African Americans usually top the chart in being the target of hate crime, but a trend that started after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 were an increase of hate crimes against people from the Middle East. One of the more surprising finds from Steinberg, Brooks, and Remtulla (2003) was, Gender-based hate crimes, or crimes against women, are perhaps the most prevalent form of hate crime in general, but the most socially acceptable and prevalent type of hate crime among teenagers and young adults is that targeting sexual minorities (para. 28). This find was surprising to read at first, but after reflection, the find makes sense. In many countries, women are still seen as second-class citizens with less rights and privileges than their male counterparts. Among teenagers and young adults, there is still a negative stigma around being homosexual as seen from some of the slang still used. An examp le of this is hearing a group of students describe something they deem to be bad as gay. The impact these hate crimes have on the victims can be overwhelming and lasting. As described by Bune (2004), Sometimes they blame themselves for being victimized, although they are innocent victims. As a consequence of their victimization, victims may isolate themselves from others and possibly develop strong mistrust of other people (para. 10). The impact on the victims makes it very important to get a clear picture on how prevalent hate crime is. But, because of underreporting, it is very hard to have accurate statistics on just how prevalent hate crime is overall. As stated above, two of the problems with statistics regarding hate crimes is determining what constitutes a hate crime and victims not always reporting the crimes against them in fear of either retaliation or shame. According to research from Shively and Mulford, the FBI found 7,163 hate crime incidents with 8,795 victims in a 2005 study. But, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) using victim interviews and including times when the offender either used hateful symbols or language found 191,000 incidents affecting 210,000 victims. As they explain, The disparity in these two estimates stems, in part, from an important difference in the data collected: the FBI counts only crimes that are reported to the police. For the NCVS, BJS collects information from victims, who are asked if they think hate played a role in the crime (para. 8). This is a huge gap in the two numbers and more than likely, the true scope of the problem lies somewhere in between the two numbers. A specific look at s ome of the groups from the research of Steinberg, Brooks, and Remtulla shows, In 1999, there were 7,876 hate crimes reported, of which 4,295 were motivated by racial bias, 1,411 by religious bias, 1,217 by sexual orientation bias, 829 by ethnicity/national origin bias, 19 by disability bias and 5 by multiple bias (para. 24). With over half of reported hate crimes that were reported being motivated by racial bias, it is clear that race is still an issue in the United States. These statistics can help in responding to hate crime by determining where efforts should be focused. Two main entities focused on hate crime right now are police departments and the court system. Police departments have begun to deal with hate crime by altering their policies regarding how hate crimes are handled and by creating units specifically to deal with hate crimes. One of these policy changes according to Bune is, Establish clearly that the department has zero tolerance to any form of hate crime, regardless of apparent seriousness (para. 6). By doing this, the community will begin to understand that hate crime will not be tolerated and as mentioned above, the penalties for hate crimes can be more severe. The units as described by Shively and Mulford, Many jurisdictions have established hate-crime units in their police departments, and some regional task forces are devoted to investigating hate crime (para. 13). These units have the time to focus on hate crimes specifically and implement strategies in dealing with and hopefully eliminating hate crime. The court system has a t ough balancing act regarding hate crimes. There are many acts that are racially motivated, but because of first amendment rights are protected. One example is cross burning. As explained by Harr, Hess, and Orthmann (2012), Without more evidence to prove a hate crime, cross burning is deemed a protected form of speech (p. 151). The court cannot interpret what is meant by the acts involved even if they are implied. Even without that, there is still the positive regarding hate crime legislation and laws. According to Shively and Mulford, The Federal Government and all but one State (Wyoming) have specific hate-crime laws (para. 10). Even though these laws vary in what they encompass or the enhancement of the penalties, having the laws in place is a step in the right direction regarding handling hate crime. After getting an idea about what hate crime is and tactics to try to combat it, there is another question that must be answered. What can be done to get rid of hate crime or at least significantly reduce the number of hate crimes? One idea from Steinberg, Brooks, and Remtulla is, To prevent future hate crimes, law enforcement agencies, state and federal agencies, public interest groups, and schools have been working together to identify and track hate crimes and to mitigate the conditions that foster them (para. 44). It is not surprising that there is a large amount of hate crimes perpetrated by young adults and juveniles. That developmental period lends itself to trying to fit in and struggling with peer pressure. That is why there must be a focus on young adults and juveniles if hate crime is to be decreased. Three ways this can be accomplished is by tracking the crimes that are being committed and identifying the causation behind them, stopping the recruitment of juveniles to hate groups, and using the data from tracking and identifying the causation of hate crime to intervene and educate at risk juveniles and young adults. Another way to try to reduce hate crime is to alter law enforcement tactics. This can be accomplished in a number of ways, such as police leadership ensuring that departmental policies are followed regarding hate crimes and assisting prosecutors in getting convictions of hate crimes by providing accurate information. A major tactic regarding victims as explained by Bune is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦recognizing the particular fears and distress typically suffered by victims, the potential for reprisal and escalation of violence, and the far-reaching negative consequences of hate crimes on the community, the department will attend to the security and related concerns of the immediate victims and their families (para. 28). There should be a focus on healing and the rights of the victim after a hate crime has taken place. It not only helps the victim a nd their family, but the community as well to see that there is support and that it is okay to report crimes with fear of retaliation. Hate crimes definition has expanded since the 1980s. Even as different groups are added, the importance of focusing on hate crime will not change. Statistics regarding hate crime are very hard to track due to the underreporting of them as well as strict definitions on what the FBI determines to be a hate crime. Over the past few years, police departments and the court system have responded to hate crime by changing their policies, creating new units, and enacting laws centered on hate crime. Some possible solutions to decrease hate crime are to focus on young adults and juveniles and by changing law enforcement tactics regarding hate crime. A final example of hate crime and just how heinous and serious it can be comes from June 1998 in Jasper, Texas. James Byrd, Jr. was a 49-year-old African American man who was walking home from a family party when he was offered a ride home by three known white supremacists. They took him to a remote road and beat him and then dragged him behind th eir truck. The rest of the story as described by Bartol and Bartol, Police found Byrds head, neck, right arm, torso, shoes, a wallet, and other personal items scattered along the route. A mile-long blood trail on the road marked the gruesome scene (p. 18). A scene like the one described is not just another murder. It is the perfect example of the type of hate needed to commit a crime of this magnitude and why there needs to be such a focus on hate crime and its prevention. 9

The Choosing Essay by Liz Lochead

The Choosing Essay Marianne Lavery The poem â€Å"The Choosing† by Liz Lochead deals with problems of growing up and the issue of education through the two central characters, Mary and Liz. This poem is about two young girls called Mary and Liz who grew up together living an ordinary life. They were both intelligent and ambitious. They were best friends for years at primary school until they had the chance to go to secondary school and they went their separate ways to start their new lives. Later on in the poem they meet very unexpectedly on a bus years later. This really does show the reader just how much the two girls have change from primary school. In stanzas 1, 2 and 3 the poet Liz Lochead has emphasized the similarities between the two girls by describing their appearances. They both had the same â€Å"mouse-coloured† hair which suggests they are ordinary. Also they were polite, smart and proud. The poet has used repetition by saying how â€Å"equally proud† they are. This emphasizes the similar attitude the girls had towards their education. Alliteration has also been used. â€Å"Collins’ Children’s Classics†. Stanza 4, describes how their lives took different paths. Mary moved because of cheaper rent somewhere else and Liz stayed where she was, in her hometown where she grew up. Mary’s father had a very bad attitude towards girls’ education and he is also sexist. He didn’t believe in high school education especially for girls or in forking out for uniforms†. Marys family had also financial difficulties according to the poet. The final three stanzas shows that ten years have passed since the two girls went their separate ways but they find their selves sitting in the same bus as each other. However this time as they meet, Mary does not recognise Liz. Mary is sitting next to her husband â€Å"who is tall, curly haired a nd has eyes only for Mary†.

Proper Way to Live by Confucianism and Taoism Essay

Confucianism and Taoism are ideologies that originated from China. These two ideologies have become popular even though different in their various approaches. The analysis of this paper will include introduction of the main ideologies of Confucianism and Taoism, and it is also providing a comparison between the two ideologies. Confucianism It is a word used for the ideologies of Confucius, a scholar that existed at the time of warring states. The keyword of Confucianism generally is the concept of humanism (Ritzer 37). Among the five virtues of Confucianism are Humanism, Righteousness, Principle, Knowledge, and Integrity. Taoism He was a scholar who like the others lived in the period of the warring states, and had a different approach in his ideologies. Tao is the main concept of Taoism, meaning â€Å"way.† It is described as a spontaneous, natural, external way of things, as well as the way they pursue their course (Ritzer38). The argument of many philosophies is that in case people are going to let everything in life to flow in their own way, then everything would definitely work out, like in the starts of his argument in this case it affirms the word â€Å"refrain.† While Confucianism has emphasized more on humans and their capabilities, Taoism has emphasized nature and equality. According to Confucius when an individual has faults, he should not have fear in abandoning them. Confucianism recognizes the need to be strong by shunning away any set back from other people who do not recognize the ability that you possess as portrayed by the statement â€Å"Do not grieve when people fail to recognize your ability, Grieve for your lack of ability† (Ritzer 38). The philosophy talked about not listening or be bothered with what other people think about your ability but always rise-up to the occasion and not grieve. These concepts are what Confucius was using in bringing order and peace to society and he was considered successful in doing so. Based on the facts that his argument on life emphasizes more on the importance of human relations, it is still influential. Confucius has emphasized humbleness, the philosophy describes what a noble mind aspires to â€Å"slow to speak and quick to act,† in the same way the ancient people spoke little. This is similar to Lao Tzu view about life describing life to be with little quarrels in order to avoid quarrelling with other people. Moreover, Confucius view about life is all about loyalty, ready to change whenever wrong, always standing by your words, as well as choosing only the kindred as your friends. Taoism has emphasized humbleness and gratefulness throughout life, â€Å"†¦have little and gain; Have much and be confused.† Taoism also has considered humbleness in life in another perspective affirming need for a person to stand by his own words as a way of being humble. The philosopher describes wise men as setting example to all and in order for that to happen a wise man must always stand by his own word, a character that can be desired and be emulated. Taoism view about life has been considered as perhaps too mystical. It can be criticized to be just an ideology that is trying to escape reality. Moreover, as much as Taoism could give a skeptical view, it failed to provide a realistic solution about life. However, Confucius as a philosophy is more welcomed because it has a deeper sense of life with realistic solution, especially regarding the opinion that other people have about some other people. According to Confucius, people should not just be comfortable with the way they have been described and given title, whether positive or negative. When they talk good about other people, do not just take the complement and remain comfortable, investigate and find out the reason behind being good to them. This is always more serious when they hate you. Since there are many reasons behind somebody holding an opinion about another person, it is indeed important to investigate more why other people have decided to have that opinion, this is because there may be genuine reason behind doing so or may just be a misunderstanding of what was wrongly perceived. According to Confucius just like Taoism in some aspects every individual is required to act with virtue in every social matters, family, community, state, and kingdom, mainly to ensure order and unity. Though these two philosophies may have taken different philosophies, they have in one way or the other succeeded in shaping of the society in terms of their way of life and their approach to life. Realistic or not realistic their ideologies stand to stay and the perceiving mind is what should embrace and accept the reality. Conclusion Following the rise of individualism and freedom, the modern society always forgets their manners and patience. Most of the people tend to be selfish, rude, and having over high esteem about themselves. Just as emphasized by Confucius in his time, people should learn to be calm and respectful in life. Also Taoism has pointed out the need to learn being free, empty our minds, as well as clear our souls. This is because nobody in this world that do not need peace of minds. References Ritzer, George.Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics. McGraw-Hill, 2009. 37–38. Print. Source document

The And Educational Welfare Of A Child - 1097 Words

ELC When reflected back upon my internship and all the different activities that encompass the ELCC standards, I was amazed how most assignments can be related to school improvement. I can consider that I believe the class was school and community relations my topic research was Response to Intervention. (RTI) In my current district the graduation rate is around 86% compared to the State of Arkansas at 80% and national average in the mid 70’s. Although my school is very good compared to other schools across the state and the nation, it occurred to me we could still be better. My hope was not just to write a paper and earn a good grade, but to write a paper and try to make a difference in the life and educational†¦show more content†¦Most if not all of these students eventually were placed into a smaller group environment called Alternative Learning Environment. (ALE). What I gathered was these students wasted 3-4 school years to finally make it to a more intensive behavi oral environment that caters to academics as well. My objective was to implement a more intensive RTI program at an earlier age to identify these students and use more intensive classroom interventions to identify the student’s needs. The biggest concern I had working on my research paper and working with administration was the fact if a 9th grader failed at least two classes they carried a 50% more risk to drop out of high school. The principal agreed to implement a RTI committee that the chair person is an administrator and work as a team identifying at risk students at an earlier date. To this day the RTI team is working and identifying students attempting to help the student be successful in the classroom. I can honestly say if it wasn’t for my internship and realizing that a need existed, more than likely I would have not been involved near as much as I am now. My recommendation for school improvement would be for a solid RTI committee to include parents and stude nts into an education contract. This proposal would could possibly achieve many benefits to the stakeholders. 1, the school, student, and parent sign a