Are Criminals Born or Made? Essay -- Psychology, Micro-Criminological

As the demonstration of culpability is a worldwide wonder, there must in this manner be some clarification with respect to why this is; a few ways of thinking endeavor to explain this by methods for hereditary qualities, while others adopt an all the more socially affected strategy. In spite of the fact that at that point, the small scale criminological speculations of Lombroso and Sheldon may have seemed believable, present day research has endeavored to discredit such ideas. In an epidemiological setting, the demonstration of wrongdoing is seen by some as a positive commitment to society, as supported by Durkheim (Kirby et al, 2000), albeit a lot of will prompt social flimsiness, or anomie. In contrariety to Durkheim's convictions, a Marxist point of view would think about the minor idea of free enterprise as criminal; in this way considering most by far of worldwide society to be in a consistent condition of anomie. Be that as it may, there is still a lot of debate with respect to whether individuals are conceived, or made into lawbreakers. This article will talk about the contentions inside this discussion. To be ‘born’ criminal shows a hereditary heredity while on the off chance that one is ‘made’; the natural impacts are the noteworthy factor in production of criminal conduct. In spite of much discussion encompassing the idea of acquired criminal inclinations, there is a lot of proof to help such speculations. Despite the fact that Lombroso may have utilized his hypothetical atavisms trying to give a naturally deterministic technique for lessening or forestalling wrongdoing, they have at last lead to a relinquishment of gravitas concerning such an idea. Be that as it may, as nearsighted as Lombroso's hypotheses of guiltiness being an inherited quality shows up (Mannheim, 1965) research has demonstrated mutual physical attributes to be typical in explaining the contention of hereditary criminal conduct. Despite the fact that Lombroso introduced... ...e reality it doesn't guarantee individuals will be brought into the world bound to carry out criminal offenses, yet rather proposes an innate inclination towards such practices, which can be affected by cultural components. In assisting a hereditarily inclined and socially-impacted clarification, there is a wealth of contemplations while explaining criminal conduct; for instance, a non forceful, mentally stable individual might be affected by peer pressure into recreational medication utilization, as â€Å"Psychoactive medication misuse normally results from a blend of low confidence, peer pressure, insufficient adapting aptitudes, and curiosity.† (Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005) thusly recommending that light recreational medication misuse can collect to a reliance because of a huge number of social impacts, which perpetually prompts further wrongdoing so as to monetarily bolster a habit.

Argument Analysis: America’s Real Dream Team Essay

In â€Å"America’s Real Dream team†, distributed in the New York Times on March 21, 2010, Thomas went to a major Washington gathering to go to the 2010 Intel Science Talent Search finals. Shockingly, Most of the finalists who originated from American secondary school hailed from settler families, to a great extent from Asia. Thomas announces himself a â€Å"pro-immigration† enthusiast. He calls attention to keeping a steady progression of legitimate foreigners is the way to make our nation more grounded. He additionally clarified that the most significant financial rivalry is among individuals and their own creative mind. Furthermore, this new thought can be utilized to deliver ware at an extremely low cost by a wide range of ways, and can makes incredible benefits for economy. Thomas Friedman utilized similitude, exceptional rundown, explicit models, and an earnest tone to represent that it is conceivable to make increasingly innovative and prudent enhancements through an open migration arrangement. Thomas utilizes representations in the title to make endless affiliation. While utilizing similitudes, it pulls in reader’s consideration as well as make a hinting for perusers to consider: what is America’s genuine dream group? After peruser pondering the correlation, it’s progressively advantageous for him to explain his own view in the contention. â€Å"Dream team† is a reference to the U.S. b-ball group collected for the 1992 Olympic that contained the best players around then. Thomas looked at the youngsters who produce new plans to â€Å"dream team† to infer that these youngsters will utilize the new thoughts they started to make supernatural occurrences and will become the† genuine dream team† later on. Analogies here can make the theoretical simpler for perusers to see, moreover, it makes the language increasingly clear. Notwithstanding similitudes, Thomas utilized an extraordinary measurements to make a conspicuous point: the vast majority of the finalists are moves. For the most part, the author will utilize insights along these lines: there are 40 finalists altogether and what number of percent of them are moves, yet Thomas recorded all the names of the Intel science ability finalist. In that manner, while the perusers perusing the names of the finalists, they can without much of a stretch found that these are foreigners’ names so they can undoubtedly infer that the greater part of the finalists are moves, It gives the perus ers sufficient opportunity to get it before he makes the end. All the more precisely, he makes the end with the peruser together. It appears that he is speaking with the perusers, and this can be progressively useful for the perusers to acknowledge his contention. He at that point gave a particular model toâ convince his proposal: â€Å"do not shut the entryway to immigrate† .From the measurements, the perusers just realize that the greater part of the finalists are moves, yet they don't have the foggiest idea how exceptional precisely these move are. Thomas gave us such a model: Namrata Anand, a 17year-old young lady. She is a so keen understudy who can utilize otherworldly investigation capably to uncover data about substance history of â€Å"Andromeda Galaxy†. Clearly, Namrata is more exceptional than the friend understudies. Thomas utilized this guide to suggest that in the event that we shut our entryway to moves, we may misfortune bunches of youngsters like her, which demonstrate the need of migration. Also, it centers around the topic once more. Explicit model here can make it more obvious simultaneously make it progressively powerful. Thomas utilized statements in different manners to communicate his view once more. As a matter of first importance, Thomas met a science educator, Amanda Alonzo, a star instructor who had shown two of the finalists. Amanda let him know â€Å"it was assets given by her school, amazingly â€Å"supportive parents† and an award from Intel that let her go through piece of every day rousing and getting ready understudies to enter his contest.† Amanda is an effective instructor, what she said is enticing to the perusers, and Thomas cites her words to exhibit move is a sort of good source. In the subsequent spot, Thomas cites what representative stated: â€Å"don’t sweat about the issues our age should manage. Trust me, our future is in acceptable hand.† As a delegate everything being equal, what she said can speak to what all finalists said satisfactorily. What's more, a large portion of the finalists are moves, it demonstrates that on the off chance that we make the way for moves, we can get progressively fantastic gifts to take care of the issues together. Additionally, Thomas makes options â€Å"as long as we don’t shut our door.† to make it increasingly ent icing: as long as we keep a steady pace of moves, we’ll be progressively serious and we will doubtlessly don’t need to stress over what we will confront tomorrow. In a word, cites here can give the proof to the contention. The creator utilize a genuine tone to contend that we should keep our entryway open to the moves. True tones can make the peruser progressively agreeable. On the off chance that Thomas compose like† we should keep the entryway open to the immigrates† rather, it will just let the perusers feel nauseated. Furthermore, genuine tone shows that he offer a guidance earnestly, which can be all the more effectively acknowledged by others. Thomas utilized allegories, exceptional measurements, explicit models, cites and an earnest tone to declare that we can continue improving innovation and theâ economy, as long as we don’t shut our entryway to migration. Illustration make the language increasingly distinctive and analogy in title can dazzle the perusers more. Unique insights here can near the perusers and let the peruser discover the issues themselves. Explicit models here can make it simpler for the perusers to comprehend the postulation profoundly, statements can makes the language increasingly brief and a genuine tone can make it simpler to acknowledge the view. Th omas use them in mix to get his theory bit by bit.

IKEA in the USA Example

IKEA in the USA Example IKEA in the USA â€" Case Study Example > IKEA in the USA: Case Study in Global Marketing What has allowed IKEA to be successful with a relatively standardized product andproduct line in a business with strong cultural influence? Did adaptations to this strategy in the North American market constitute a defeat to its approach? The motive ‘… to bring the IKEA concept to as many people as possible’ and the fact that over 260 million people visit their showrooms annually, underlines the global vision of the company and the strategy adopted to implement that vision. It meant offering quality products of mass usage across cultural barriers, effectively reaching out to the target market and creating awareness, and most importantly the use of pricing as a strategy for competitive advantage. IKEA planned its operations in the three main regional markets of the Scandinavian countries, North America and Asia-Pacific region. Within each of these three markets, there is a large commonality of tastes and preferences. Its large product range consists of a core set of standardized global products and the balance region-specific items to supplement the overall business revenues. Thus in each market, it blended the reputed Scandinavian brand of products without ignoring the local needs. IKEA carried forward its tradition of direct marketing through product catalogs to the current period, to communicate about its offerings to the target market. The success of this can be gauged by the fact that the multi-edition, multi-language catalog circulation exceeds 110 millions. In other words, it has effectively displayed its vast stores of materials to effectively create consumer interest. (last name) 2 Finally, IKEA actively pursued all avenues to offer quality products at lowest possible prices. Global outsourcing, supply in knocked-down condition to save on labor costs, self-service at the stores that act as mini-warehouses etc. are some of the important facets of this low pricing strategy. In the process it made suppliers and customers as strategic partners to its business concept. Thus IKEA’s success is a story of high quality but low priced products that are effectively reached to the target markets, across cultural barriers. Its adaptations to the specific needs of the US and Canadian markets is fine tuning the product offerings to suit local tastes and is not a change of its core concept. 2. Which features of the “young people of all ages’ are universal and can be exploited by a global/regional strategy? In these days of the Internet and globalized economies, market boundaries have disappeared and there is greatly increased awareness of the life styles and product preferences of people living in different parts of the world. The Internet is forty years old now and hence is already a tool in the hands of a vast population in the age range of teenagers to senior citizens, young at heart. This group of ‘young people of all ages’ has the characteristics of being ‘well-educated, white collar workers, liberal in cultural outlook’ and do not necessarily carry the burden of vanity. In other words, they are cost conscious and look for value for money in their spending habits. They have disposable incomes which they are prone to spend rather than save at the cost of foregoing a life style that is seen as befitting their generation. Age is a crucial factor although even the not-so-young are also included in this group. Younger people are more adventurous while making buying decisions and are (last name) 3 more attuned to the global trends. They search for product information and make price comparisons with ease. USA continues to be a major influence in global cultural trends and the young people around the world are attracted to these trends easily. Global and regional marketing strategies should exploit the emerging market trends that are dictated by this group of ‘young people of ages’, keeping in mind their buying power, access to information, life style trends and decision making abilities. 3. Is IKEA destined to succeed everywhere it cares to establish itself? On its way to being the world’s largest supplier of home furnishings during the past six decades, IKEA has seen success to its core concept as well as the need to make adaptations to insure its dominance. This means that there is no guarantee of success in all places unless there is flexibility in approach and adaptation to subtle local differences in tastes and preferences. The strategy of sourcing its materials from suppliers who can offer the advantages of low costs and logistics, organizing retails stores on the lines of mini-warehouses of semi-assembled/knocked-down parts and involving customers in transport and do-it-yourself style assembly work etc. are likely to succeed in all the developed markets. In such markets, the labor costs are high and customers have the need to do-it-yourself approach. However, some emerging markets like India or the Gulf countries do not prefer ex-stores supplies or home assembly work. Labor costs here are comparatively low and the societies are accustomed to getting paid services at cheap rates and hence IKEA strategy needs to be partly revised for success. (last name) 4 Another major strategy of IKEA has been to be the biggest and best player in the market, although with lowest prices. It is seen that it has so far concentrated in the relatively more affluent countries of North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific region successfully. When these markets are saturated, it needs to shift focus to the other regions to maintain its growth targets. Some of these geographic regions will pose significantly different marketing challenges due to cultural differences and taste preferences, notwithstanding their younger generations. In such situations, IKEA may find that being the ‘biggest and the best’ strategy needs to be tempered with realizable goals. (last name) 5 Reference Ronkainen, I. A., Case study: IKEA in the USA.

The Ethics Of Eating Animals - 1093 Words

Eating animals is normal for any carnivore, but abuse to these animals is unacceptable. There are religions and traditions when it comes to eating and killing animals, usually to be viewed sacred and not like they are nothing. Humans have morals and traditions that separate barriers with farm animals and pets. According to Scruton, â€Å"Eating animals has become a test case for moral theory in Western societies,† and he believes that a moral life is set on three pillars: virtue, duty, value piety. Foer uses fishes and dogs, for example, in Eating Animals: people slam gaffs into fish, but no one in their right mind would do such a thing to a dog. Foer also mentions that fish are out there in the water doing what fish do, and dogs are with us. Dogs are our companions, and with that, we care about the things that are near and dear to us. In, â€Å"Consider the Lobster,† Wallace asks, â€Å"Is it all right to boil a sentient creature alive just for our gustatory pleasure?† Is it a personal choice to do so? PETA, of course, says no. Dick from the Maine Lobster Festival (MLF) argues that lobsters do not have the part of the brain that receives pain, which is a false statement anyhow. Goodrich (1969) says that a human’s life is worth so much more than an animalâ€℠¢s life. No matter how many animals there are, one human life is worth more. Self-consciousness and morality set us in judgement and make us feel guilty, like Scruton says. Animals do not tell humans about their self-consciousness doShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Eating Meat : Eating Animals By Jonathan Safran Foer1056 Words   |  5 PagesWhile researching books for the major project, I stumbled upon a book over the ethics of eating meat: Eating Animals by Jonathan Safran Foer, published on November 2, 2009. Coming from a rural, agrarian background, my curiosity about why anyone in his right mind would want to become a vegetarian grew immensely when I discovered the book. Foer’s main audience appears to be those on the fence about whether to eat meat or those uninformed about factory farming. This book was not meant for individualsRead MoreThe Ethics of Eating Meat Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagesopinion on eating meat and factory farming. He believes that â€Å"...if [peopl e] just ate according to the values they already have, then factory farming would disappear.† Whether or not people realize the sources from which meat in modern day society comes from, they cannot deny the fact that meat is delectable. Sadly, many people who are aware of where their meat comes from will argue that it is unethical to eat meat that is grown purely to satisfy the hunger of people. The ethics of eating meat shouldRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1485 Words   |  6 Pages Ethics is a concept derived from an individual’s religion, philosophies or culture, forming a collection of moral principles carrying out the manner in which a person leads their life. In modern society philosophers divide ethical theories into three separate areas, meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Meta-ethics refer to the origins and meanings of ethical principles, dealing with the nature of moral judgement. Normative ethics refers to what is right and wrong and concerned withRead MoreThe Ethics Of Eating Meat Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethics of Eating Meat We are a nation of meat eaters. We are socialized from a young age to consume high levels of animal products. This deeply ingrained meat-eating tradition is a big part of the American standard diet. A visit to the local grocery store shows that there is no shortage of animal products. Isle by isle you see a plethora of meats, neatly packed and ready to be cooked, dairy products neatly shelved, and even candies that contain animal by-products. This is an omnivore’s utopiaRead MoreThe Two Principles Of A Basis Of Our Brain Capacity, Ability, And Preferences Of Life1698 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority humans believe we are superior to non-human animals on the basis of our brain capacity, ability, and preferences of life. The two principles of consequentialism I plan to work with is the two that consequentialism are based on: 1. Whether an act is right or wrong depends only on the results of that act. 2. The better consequences an act produces, the better or more right that act. à ‚  These two principles play a part in non-human animal inequality because it emphasizes that a person shouldRead MoreIs It Unethical And Eat Meat?1048 Words   |  5 Pageswhat to eat, what not to eat and how much to eat. All these guidelines raises the question of whose ethics should hold president overall, and what factors do you use to determine this decision. Humankind has been eating meat for thousands of years, and is seen as part of human nature, to be hunter-gatherers. This can seen in some cave paintings that depict man hunting wild animals. Not only were animals hunted for meat but the rest of them were recycled for various for uses such as items of clothingRead MoreWhy Adopt A Vegetarian Diet1116 Words   |  5 Pagesand they reject eating meat or any products of slaughter. Human used to be the meat-eater, people believed meat gives us protein, also strength; however, vegetarianism overturns the theory of meat-eating and correct people’s beliefs about meat. Therefore, more and more people choose to become a vegetarian for ethical, environmental and healthy reasons.   First of all, people are increasingly becoming vegetarian because they are motivated by ethic.  Vegetarian prefers to believe eating meat is an unmoralRead More Should we all become vegetarians? Essay782 Words   |  4 Pagesthe number of people who reject eating meat is constantly increasing. In Britain, for instance, over 5 million people have done it so far. It is obviously connected with the recent animal diseases, but this tendency is likely to spread on the other regions of the world. However, it is not only a fashion or fear of illnesses. I myself became a vegetarian about 2 years ago, and I can see a number of reasons why people should stop eating meat. They are mainly of ethic, economic and health type. ThoseRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Vegetarianism1524 Words   |  7 Pagesobesity. Vegetarianism encompasses a spectrum of eating patterns: from people who wish to be known as ‘vegetarians regardless including some animal meat in their meals, but meats products sho uld be omitted such as fish and fowl from a vegetarian dish (Lea and Worsley 505). Even though some people may be in contradiction of vegetarianism, it is a lifestyle and a diet that many follow and it is advantageous because it corresponds to religions, ethics, and has health benefits, in addition, the factRead MoreEthical Issues on the Treatment of Animals Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages Animals have always played an essential role in many aspects of this world. Some people look upon these roles with favoritism, some with disgust. Animals are considered different from humans by some people because of their behavior, mannerisms or actions. Some animals are used as food by humans and other animals, while others are trapped for their furs. Many times people acquire animals for pets, only to neglect or mistreat them. For many years, the ethical treatment of animals has been

How Much Deviation from Religious Doctrine is Acceptable...

Central to any religion is a unified set of beliefs that is shared amongst all its followers. These can range from stories about the origin of the universe or the lives of prophets or other important religious figures to sets of rules governing how you live your daily life. It is these beliefs that define who is a follower of that religion, and deviation from them could result in a person being outcast, persecuted, or even put to death in various areas and time periods. However, these beliefs are by no means universal. Interpretations of religious doctrines may strongly differ even between members of the same religious sect. These issues are very relevant even to non-believers as they have a strong influence on people’s opinions of†¦show more content†¦Christianity can be divided into three main denominations: Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodox. The doctrines of each of these divisions are based on the books of the Old and New Testament. Although their c entral texts are almost exactly the same (a few books are different), their interpretations of them differ greatly. Each asserts that their own interpretation is the only correct one and that all other doctrines are false (this is slightly less true of many protestants, owing to the lack of a central protestant church). Obviously, the most central part of Christian belief is the teachings of Jesus Christ, as described in the four Gospels. In the Book of Mark, believed to be the earliest of the four, it states â€Å"He who believes [the gospel] and is baptized will be saved, but he who disbelieves it will be condemned† (p106). This immediately creates an ideology based entirely on one’s faith rather than reason or even one’s actions. Jesus himself says â€Å"All their sins shall be forgiven unto the sons of men†¦ but whosoever shall blaspheme against the Holy Spirit hath never forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin† (Mark p71). This allows a sys tem to be set up which requires above all a rigid belief in a central doctrine, deviation from which is punished by eternal damnation. It is then very easy for the church to present one interpretation which it deems correct and feel justified in enforcing strict adherenceShow MoreRelatedChildren s Rights And Rights1951 Words   |  8 Pagesright to a decent standard of living, the right to health, Children’s rights include individual rights, the right to live with his parents, the right to education, the right to benefit from a protection, Children’s rights include collective rights : rights of refugee and disabled children’s, of minority children or from marginalized groups.For the world to continue we need this population to survive and attain their rights which are also human rights. 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In these situations, people tend to use auditory hallucinations and delusions as literal voices of reason in situations where normality is subjective and what is normal is dependent on the community’s pre-establishedRead MoreState Mass Killings in Indonesia 1965 to 1966 Essay3128 Words   |  13 Pagesnational, local, and event- specific levels. Elements discussed are elite interests, justification for violence, formal organizations, and mobilization factors. Finally, I suggest future preventative policy measures. Introduction Violence marks much of human history. Within the sociopolitical sphere, violence has continually served as a tool used by various actors to influence and/or to control territory, people, institutions and other resources of society. The twentieth century witnessed an evolutionRead MoreEssay on Creation of the World3047 Words   |  13 PagesPowerful mythologies are normative, as Mircea Eliade described, defining for their societies how the world may be ordered. Myths provide the living backdrop on which people may act. In the Christian societies of Europe and America the â€Å"origin myth† that defines the divine order that Christians should follow is laid out largely in Genesis, and the worldview expounded within it in some sense provides the baseline from which â€Å"scientific† alternatives must deviate, at least within the Europe and America. Read MoreIslamic Way of warfare23558 Words   |  95 PagesDEFINING ISLAMIC WAY OF WARFARE AND ITS COMPARISON WITH AL QAEDA DOCTRINE A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE Military History by MAJOR INTEKHAB HAIDER KHAN, BANGLADESH ARMY M.S., Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2011 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 2012-01 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORTRead MoreA Christian Approach to Homosexuality7265 Words   |  30 Pagessaid â€Å"We declare that Section 377 IPC, insofar it criminalizes consensual sexual acts of adults in private, is violative of Articles 21, 14 and 15 of the Constitution.† While gay-rights movements have welcomed and celebrated the judgement, various religious and cultural groups have expressed their concern. A petition has been filed in the Supreme Court against the Delhi High Court judgement by Mr. Suresh Kumar Koushal. In the West, Barak Obama, the President of the United States, on 9th May 2012Read MoreNormal Distribution16112 Words   |  65 Pagesinterval for a person’s triglycerides is from 30 to 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). By measuring these variables, a physician can determine if a patient’s vital statistics are within the normal interval or if some type of treatment is needed to correct a condition and avoid future illnesses. The question then is, How does one determine the so-called normal intervals? See Statistics Today—Revisited at the end of the chapter. In this chapter, you will learn how researchers determine normal intervalsRead MoreMarxism Within Blt5219 Words   |  21 PagesLiberation. This study seeks to expose the ways in which Black Theology of Liberation was shaped by Marxism through the writings of its founders, concentrating predominantly on the need to bring about the liberation of the poor African-Americans from their repressive white racist oppressors by any means necessary, and the redistribution of wealth to those deprived of it by their white capitalist oppressors. The theme of this researched remained embed in my mind during, and after the 2008-09 presidentialRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in Employment22039 Words   |  89 Pageslimitations/implications  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This research is limited to Federal and State laws in the USA and may not be relevant in other countries as the local laws might vary. Practical implications  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Managers and employees can protect themselves in the workplace from illegal discriminatory practices. Social implications  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Employees know their rights and enhance their understanding of laws related to appearance, attractiveness, and why companies look to hire those who are considered â€Å"handsome†, â€Å"pretty† and â€Å"beautiful†

Life in Russia Free Essays

It is quite possible that Russia may be best known for it†s long, and bitter winters. This extreme coldness also aided the country as a whole by keeping invaders at bay; For example, Adolf Hitler, and his Nazi army, were hesitant in entering the country during World War II. In Moscow, snow covers the ground for at least five months of the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Life in Russia or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Northernmost region of Russia, there is snow present for between eight and ten months. Most of the coastal waters, such as: ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams, remain frozen during the majority of the year. But after the harsh winter months have past, the weather swings harshly in the opposite direction. During the warmest days of the summer, it is not uncommon for the mercury to hit 100? F, although they average around 60? F. Precipitation throughout the year, rain, sleet, and snow, is usually light to moderate. The wettest part of the country is the European Plain, or the East Siberian Uplands, where rain falls on a daily basis during the spring. The majority of the vast inland receives little or no rain, but approximately four feet of snow during the winter. Russians, like Americans, enjoy watching television, and reading. They also love to play chess; visit the movie theaters; soak up the culture of an opera, or play; travel to a local museum; go for a walk, or participate in sports. The government of Russia strongly supports athletic events, especially team sports. Soccer is unopposed as the most popular participant, and spectator sport in the country. Russians also enjoy gymnastics, basketball, and during the winter, ice hockey is a hit among the children of the countrymen. Russians also enjoy nature. They really enjoy going on hikes, and spending time in the forests. Many have country cottages called dachas. There, they garden, hike, bicycle, swim, fish, gather mushrooms, and take part in the other outdoor activities. Russian people also love going on vacation to places other than their dachas during the summer. Popular vacationing sites include: the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Volga River. In Russia, fighting has been a way of life, as seen during all parts of its history. Russia has been a fighting country since the 800†³s. They were involved in constant war with the Mongols. Also, civil war has been a enormous problem for the Russians. In the early 1600†³s, a civil war broke out, inspired by an invasion by the Mongols, and the political confusing that followed about killed the country as a whole. Most recently, Russia was involved in World War I, fighting countries such as Germany, and Austria-Hungary. Shortly after, there was another civil war between the Communists and the anti-Communists. This war lasted two years, and ended up with a communist victory that led to the establishment of the USSR, or the Union of Soviet Social Republics, or in Russian, Rus Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, A union of the several countries that lay around Russia. Politically the USSR was divided (from 1940 to 1991) into 15 constituent or union republics-, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia Gerogia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia Russia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan, until its breakup in 1991. Since then, Russia, and other Soviet republics have become independent nations. The most well known being the Ukraine. Ukraine broke off, and quickly established its own currency, the Ukraine Ruble. The Ukraine is constantly bragging to Russia of all its wealth, but the Ukraine also boasts much higher inflation, and higher unemployment, for they are not as successful as they brag to Russia to be. Russia†s health care is free to its citizens. The government cares a lot about the health of its citizens, and it most certainly shows. They†re committed to meeting the basic needs of its people. Because of their poor economic state, the government does not have sufficient funds to support its health-care systems. This has led to medicine and equipment shortages, and low wages for health-care providers. Russia has an abundance of farmland. Due to the short growing season, insufficient rainfall, and lack of fertile soil, farming in Russia is extremely difficult. Many of the farms are operated like government factories. These farms are called sovkhozys. People do work, but don†t have much say in what†s grown. The other farms, called Kolkhozys, are government controlled, but partly managed by the farmers. What goes on here is that the farmers decide what to grow and the government tells them if it is acceptable to them or not. The major crops grown in Russia are barely, fruits, oats, potatoes, sunflowers, rye, sugar beets, and wheat. The diet of the Russians is very healthy and hearty. They eat bread virtually every meal. They also consume large quantities of sugar. Their main method of preparing food is by frying. They also drink large amounts of tea because coffee is too expensive. Their trademark drink is Vodka. They also drink wine, champagne, beer, and other alcoholic beverages. Alcohol abuse has been and remains to be a major social problem in Russia. The education in Russia is much different then the USA†s method of education its people. It consists of first through 10th grade, plus higher education. Using this method, which may seem abridged to Americans, eliminates two years of useless classes, and allows for Russians to leave school, and either begin to work, or go on to higher education. Elementary school consists of first through fourth grade. Classes meet six days a week for 4 ? hours a day with shorter periods on Saturday. Courses include math, art, music, language, P. E. , simple skills, and history. Intermediate grades consist of fifth through eighth grade. They meet thirty hours a week and are taught, zoology, physics, geography, shop work, and chemistry. Secondary grades consist of ninth through tenth grades and consist of math, science and work skills in different trades. This is to meet the governments need for specialists in science and Industry. Graduates with high marks receive medals and are relieved from required mandatory services so the can continue their education; these mandatory services include 2 years of military service for all graduates, except when they are relieved to pursue higher education. The higher schools that are present in Russia consist of 650 specialized schools and 70 universities which are currently educating some 6 ? illion students. Most programs take five years to complete, and then they must work for the government for 3 years, in order to repay their country for relieving them of their mandatory military service. They receive their diploma after one year of work. Russia thinks education is their road to success, and instead of offering countless useless classes, Russia provides healthy education, with strong emphasis on chemistry. They have over 52 million students and a strong majority of Russia†s country men are able to read and write in their native language. The U. S. S. R has a long constitution that gives all political power to the people and their elected representatives. However the country†s completely controlled by the communists. The Soviet Union lets no other political party to oppose the communist party. The ironic thing is only 17 million of the people in Russia are actually communists. Russia†s government resembles a triangle because each government body has to report to a higher authority. At the top of this triangle is the Supreme Soviet of the USSR The members are elected to 5 year terms and they only meet twice a year for about two weeks. They pass without question all the laws proposed by the communists party. The freedom of the Supreme Soviet is the head of state or president. He is elected by the communist leaders and he handles legislative matters between sessions of the Supreme Soviet. The council of Ministers are another government group in Russia and are the highest executive body. It controls economic and cultural life through various ministries and committees. The council of ministries also handles relations with other nations. It consists of 120 members, many of them are the highest ranking officials in the communist party. The Russian Orthodox Church was the central religion of Russia until the communists came to power. Communists are atheistic (people who are against the belief in God or Gods) and they view religion as â€Å"Opium for the people† a drug, or disease. When the communists came to power they destroyed churches and killed church leaders. However religion in Russia survived. In the 1940†³s, persecutions and restrictions eased up mainly because the church supported the governments choice of being involved in world war two. Then in the late 1850†³s the communists began closing non official places of worship. They also tried hard to discourage religion through education and propaganda. Still religion survived, there are 20 to 45 million followers of the Russian Orthodox Church; The people in the former Soviet Union are still among the most spiritually open people in the world – especially the youth – and for this, the number is rising. Muslims are the second largest religious group. Some religions like Jehovah†s witness are strictly prohibited by the communists. Russian language is remarkably similar even though there is such a diverse population. Russian language is understood from the west to the east part of the country. The Russian language is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. Certain minorities in Russia have their own language but they speak Russian as a second language. Russia like most countries has both urban and rural life styles. ? of Russia†s people live in cities. Russia has 35 cities that have 800,000 people or more, and Moscow along with St. Petersberg has 4 million. Many modern conveyances such as plumbing and air conditioning are not found. There is also a shortage of food and too much crime in Russian cities. Farmers populate much of Russia rural areas. There is also a lot less education and health care in the rural areas of Russia, for schools are not easily paid for in areas such as these. Russia is one of the richest countries on natural resource. Russia†s vast area provides for a lot of forest space, and water for hydraulic energy. There are also extensive mineral deposits. Russia also has a wide variety of plant and animal life. Industry is vital to Russia†s economy. Moscow and St. Petersberg are the biggest areas for manufacturing in Russia. Russia produces a lot heavy machinery and has many chemical, oil, and plant refineries as well. St. Petersberg also has a large ship building industry, and an even larger airplane parts industry. There is heavy trading with the US in airplane parts. Russia†s chemical plants produce items such as chemical fibers, mineral fertilizers, plastics, and synthetic resins. Transportation in Russia is very difficult because of its lack of roads and it†s vastness. Trains are the most common form of transportation and shipping. Aero Flat is Russia†s national airline and makes up most airline travel, although most people are unable to afford the enormous bill created by purchasing an airline ticket through Aero Flat. Roads are not commonly found because only 60 out of every 1,000 Russians own a car. City travel in Russia is taken care of by buses, trains, and subways. Communication equipment is unevenly distributed and not modernized, because of this only 15 out of every 100 Russians own a telephone. Russia is in a state of economic turmoil at the moment. It has had a lot of trouble moving from a centrally planned economy to a modern market economy. However Russia is making advancements under president Yeltsin; Inflation fell from 131% to 22% in 1996. These advancements are partially due to the fact that now, 80% of industry is now privatized; meaning, that 80% of all goods produced in Russia, are produced in a private sector of the country, by companies who control themselves. As of May 16, 1999, one United States Dollar would be converted into 24. 7367 Russian Rubles. Currently over 30 billion United States Dollars circulate throughout Russia, for just as in all foreign countries, the Russians hold on to the Dollars, and when the exchange rate is just right, they can make a pretty profit from their Dollar. Unemployment is not a very big problem in Russia. Only 9. 3% of its population remain unemployed, leaving a 73 million manned labor force ready to work. Many of these men work closely with the government, packaging and shipping exports, or receiving and checking over its imports. Major exports of the country include petroleum, natural gas, metals, and chemicals. Hard to find in Russia, and therefore heavily imported are: machinery, medicines, meat, grains, and especially sugar. The majority of this trading is done with North America, although Russia is also close trade partners with most of Europe, Japan, and some third world countries. How to cite Life in Russia, Papers

Modest Fashion and Islamic Marketing

Question: Discuss about theModest Fashion and Islamic Marketing. Answer: Definition of Islamic Marketing and Modest Fashion Islamic marketing are the strategies undertaken by companies, either Muslim or otherwise to win Muslim customers (Wilson, 2012, p. 5). Islamic marketing goes hand in hand with modest fashions which entail the gentle art of enhancing a person's charm through the pretence of not being aware of it. Modest fashion is adopted by Islamic women to avoid creating sexual attention on men. Cultural Aspect The Muslim people view wearing modesty regarding hijab is based on their religion and belief that it is a command from Allah (Lewis, 2013, p 100). The Muslim women belief that Allah protects them and makes their character distinct by protecting them from immoral acts and errors. Why it matters Within the context of Islamic marketing, modest fashion creates various opportunities for companies that sell hijab. There is a large market base for the womenswear and this boosts the marketing industry (Wilson, 2012, p. 1). However, Islamic marketing faces challenges while entering new markets as well as competition from other same firms. Situation in Singapore The articles, influences, and news from Singapore market show that the interest in marketing and Islam emerged recently. Since its emergence, there is an incredible growth in consumer markets and the consumer behavior and attitude towards Muslim marketing is interesting. Brands Involved Globally The modest fashion has diversified the sale of its brands globally. These brands include Uniqlo, House of Fraser, Hijab, Hajj, and Easy Hajj Package. The global markets for Muslim customers are mainly all Muslim states and where modest clothing is valued. Market Gaps and Critique While the Islam religion represents a strong consumer base, there are underserved demands and rising spending power. Despite the fact that Muslims demand on their fashion apparel keeps growing, companies do not explore this opportunity (Lewis, 2013, p 106). These are gaps which need to be solved. Current Debate Research shows that modest fashion, Islam marketing, Beauty, and Fashion in Islam portray their personal expression. Further, modest style existed in-laws before Islam came but later the Muslims adopted it as their official dressing to show respect to Allah so that he may protect them from immoralities. Success of Modest Fashion The new fashion brands that attempt Islamic marketing have been successful. Their success gets proved by the fact that nearly all Muslim women wear Hijab and that the marketers have been able to expand their sales globally outside Singapore. What could be better? Companies should understand Islam beliefs and identify those zones where Muslims are high in population. The opportunity for modern Islamic fashion brands should be showcased through Islamic marketing (Gkar?ksel and Secor, 2010, p. 119). Further, the Islamic marketers should diversify their practices. Consumer Vehaviour Recent research shows that in the current business environment, there is no single Muslim brand that dominates Islamic fashion. Different customers prefer different trends. For example, the UAE people prefer Citra, people of Jordan prefer Shukr, and those in Indonesia love Hijub (Gkar?ksel and Secor, 2010, p. 140). The company should, therefore, understand customers preferences in different countries. Communication When doing Islam marketing, marketers should mind the kind of connection to use. One should use a friendly tone and always ensure that he does not go against the Muslim beliefs. Brand Community When doing Islam marketing, the use of social media such as the television, radios, and the internet can be utilized (Lewis and Tarlo, 2011, p 66). Also, use of billboards that contain Islam clothes can be used. Further, companies should design logos that figure the Islam modesty. Implications Globally, modest fashion and Islam marketing thrive well. The Islam based companies should diversify their operations globally given that the Islams comprise of nearly a third of the world's population something which offers a significant market opportunity (Lewis and Tarlo, 2011, p 60). About APAC and SEA (Asian-Pacific region), modesty fashion is valued a lot by the Muslims and thus is a perfect market opportunity to exploit. Conclusion In conclusion, most of the Muslim women understand the guidelines and laws of Allah that direct them on how to wear and appear before men. The Islam culture remains to be very conservative as their population keeps on growing. Their conservative nature of modesty beliefs and the aspect of increased population favors Islam marketing. Therefore, companies should maximize the investment of their resources in meeting Islam modest fashion. References Gkar?ksel, B. and Secor, A., 2010. Between Fashion and Tesettr Marketing and Consuming Womens Islamic Dress.Journal of Middle East Women's Studies,6(3), pp.118-148. Lewis, R. and Tarlo, E., 2011. Modest dressing: faith-based fashion and the internet retail. Lewis, R., 2013. Fashion Forward and Faithtastic! Online Modest Fashion and the Development of Women as Religious Interpreters and Intermediaries. Wilson, J.A., 2012. The new wave of transformational Islamic marketing: reflections and definitions.Journal of Islamic Marketing,3(1), pp.5-11.